I can give you some partial answers. If you are running in Terminal, the location of the Applications folder is Applications. Indeed, this is not in the standard unix path, so you cannot normally run an app in the Applications folder just by typing its name.
However, you can run at least some of the GUI apps from Terminal if you know the proper path. For instance, if you enter the following command into a Terminal window:
/Applications/Preview.app/Contents/MacOS/Preview
the Preview application will start.
If you look at this path name, you can start to see some of the problems with trying to add GUI apps to your unix path. These apps are not directly in the /Applications directory. In general, each GUI app will be in its own directory. So, if you wanted to run lots of GUI apps from Terminal by typoing only the name of the app, you would have to add something to your path for each app. Another issue is that it might not always be clear what is actually the proper file to invoke. For instance, I have tried to start Microsoft Office from Terminal but have failed. It is possible that I did not find the correct file to use. I am also wondering if all GUI applications can be started from the Terminal - I am not convinced that that is the case.
There is one nice feature of the Terminal that is germane to this discussion. If you are in Terminal and your working directory contains some document, you can use the open utility to open that file in the correct GUI application. For instance, if I have a pdf file called test.pdf in my directory, I can issue the Terminal command
open test.pdf
and this will cause Preview (or perhaps Acrobat) to start up and to open the file.
I hope this helps to answer your question. You did not say what it is that you want to do. If you there is a specific task that you would like to accomplish, please let us know and perhaps someone can help. Also, you can get very good help in the unix forum.
Rich
EMAC G4 1.0 GHz Mac OS X (10.4.8)

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Open up Terminal (Applications Utilities) and type in: sudo find / -iname.app. This will display all the apps you have on your computer. From there, you can copy and paste the results into a. How to open applications in Ubuntu Terminal? Launch application from terminal Linux; run a program in Linux command line. This tutorial explains how to open apps using terminal Ubuntu. Using Terminal To Open An Application. You can open an application by using the Linux terminal. First open the terminal (press CTRL, ALT and T) or open it from. Probably the most useful tool to check and kill processes is called Terminal, which is an application that provides access to the lower levels of the Mac OS X operating system and files. Terminal is a text-based tool which lets you conduct all manner of routine tasks such as viewing directories, copying, moving and deleting files, as well as.

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Open Terminal by pressing Command+Space to open Spotlight Search and entering terminal into the search box.
Enter the following command, then press Return to create a file named test-node.js containing a simple application that will print out the result 1 + 1.
Type node followed by the name of the application, which is test-node.js in this case, and then press Return. The result of running the application will be printed out to the terminal.

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